S.S.L.C.English Notes Prepared by: Mr.G.S.Hattigoudar
Lesson 5
KALPANA THE STAR
Meaning of the New words:
Aeronautics = ªÁ0iÀÄÄ0iÀiÁ£ÀªÀ£ÀÄß
PÀÄjvÀÄ CzsÀå0iÀÄ£À
Aerospace = ¨sÀÆ«Ä0iÀÄ
ªÁvÁªÀgÀt
Back packing = CUÀvÀå«gÀĪÀ
ªÀ¸ÀÄÛUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¨É£Àß ªÉÄÃ¯É ºÉÆvÀÄÛPÉÆAqÀÄ ¥Àæ0iÀiÁt ªÀiÁqÀĪÀzÀÄ.
Cantor = ZÀað£À°è
ºÁqÀĪÀªÀgÀ ªÀÄÄRå¸ÀÜ
Crew = «ªÀiÁ£ÀzÀ
¹§âA¢
Disaster = C¤jÃQëvÀ
D¥ÀvÀÄÛ
Embark = ºÀqÀUÀÄ
CxÀªÁ «ªÀiÁ£À Kj ¥Àæ0iÀiÁt ªÀiÁqÀĪÀzÀÄ.
Faiths = zsÁ«ÄðPÀ
£ÀA©PÉUÀ¼ÀÄ
Frontiers = UÀr
¸ÀgÀºÀzÀÄÝ
Glider = ¥ÉÊ®mï¤AzÀ
¤0iÀÄAwæ¸À®àqÀĪÀ «ªÀiÁ£À
Hiking = ¸ÀÄ¢ÃWÀð
zÀÆgÀzÀ £ÀrUÉ
Launch = gÁPÉmï£ÀÄß
ºÁj¸ÀĪÀzÀÄ
Logged = zÁR°¸ÀĪÀzÀÄ
Marvellous = CzÀÄãvÀ
Orbit = PÀPÉë
Pilot = «ªÀiÁ£À
ZÁ®PÀ
Remarkable = C¸ÁzsÁgÀt
Spangled Skies = £ÀPÀëvÀæUÀ½AzÀ
PÀÆrzÀ DPÁ±À
Simulate = C£ÀÄPÀj¸ÀÄ
Space Shuttle = UÀUÀ£À
£ËPÉ
Telescope = zÀÆgÀzÀ±ÀðPÀ
Tribute = ªÉÄZÀÄÑUÉ0iÀÄ
£ÀÄrUÀ¼ÀÄ
Pride = ºÉªÉÄä
Jubiliation = ¥ÀgÀªÀiÁ£ÀAzÀ
Bated breath = DvÀÄgÀvÉ
Forecast = ªÀÄÄAzÁUÀĪÀzÀ£ÀÄß
¤gÀƦ¸ÀÄ
Snag = vÁAwæPÀ
zÉÆõÀ
Pull of gloom = «µÀtÚvÉ0iÀÄ
w¼ÀĪÀ½PÉ
Disintegration = MAzÀÄ
ªÀ¸ÀÄÛ«£À ¨sÁUÀªÀ£ÀÄß ¨ÉÃ¥Àðr¸ÀĪÀzÀÄ
Video footage = «r0iÉÆÃzÀ
awæÃPÀgÀt
Poignancy = ºÀÈzÀ0iÀÄ
¸Àà²ð
Zoom = ªÉÄîPÉÌ
ºÁgÀĪÀzÀÄ
Fancy = PÀ°à¸ÀÄ
Amateur = ºÀªÁå¹
PÀ¯ÁPÁgÀ
Spangle = ºÉƼÉ0iÀÄĪÀ
ªÀ¸ÀÄÛ
Bother =
vÉÆAzÀgÉ PÉÆqÀÄ
Unique =¸Àj¸Án¬Ä®èzÀ
Preferred=
EµÀÖ¥ÀlÖ
Freelance =
PÀlÖPÀqÉUÉ
Pursue =
C£ÀĸÀj¸ÀÄ
Acquire =¸ÀA¥Á¢¸ÀÄ
Stun = £Á±À
ºÉÆAzÀÄ
Condole = ¸ÀAvÁ¥À
¸ÀÆa¸ÀÄ
* Answer the following questions in a word, phrase
or sentence each. (These questions may be ask in MCQ)
Q. Kalpana was the
_______ Indian womam astronaut.
First
Q. "She always held
in high esteem." This means that she_______
held
high regard for him.
Q. Is a young girl
Kalpana would look up at the stars and wish that-
She
had a telescope.
Q. "She left India
as a student, but would see the nation of her birth all of it from hundreds of
miles above." Who said this?
George
Bush
Q. Kalpana as student
had great interest in subjects-
Painting
Q. In the drawing class
Kalpana Chawla had a great interest in drawing-
Planets and stars
Q. What subject did
Kalpana choose for her higher studies?
Aerospace
Engineering
Q. The expanded form of
"NASA" is_______
National
Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Q. Kalpana Chawla earned
her bachelor's degree and moved to the______
U.S.A.
Q. Kalpana Chawla had
high aspect of J.R.D. Tata because-
He
had done some of the first mail flights.
Q. Kalpana was selected
to the astronaut candidate by-
NASA
Q. Piere Harrison wanted
to marry Kalpana Chawla because-
His Openion and belief were the same as
Kalapana's.
Q. Just as the space
shuttle Columbia was about to enter the earth's atmospher, it exploded because
there was a technical snag.
Q. Kalpana Chawla was
unique in many ways. The underlined word means-
different from others
Q. On that ill fated
saturday, stuudents had gathered at the school. The underlined word means-
Unlucky
Q,. "She is
immortal" This means that she-
will never be forgotten
Q, The distance
travelled by Kalpana Chawla in the 16 day trip during which she made 252 orbits
of the earth is-
6.5
million miles.
Q. Kalpana completed her
schooling from-
Tagore school
Q. The laboratory which
was well-equipped for conducting experiments is-
Space research laboratory
Q. As a girl Kalpana was
a dreamer. This statement means that she-
had
lofty aims in life.
Q. USA is called the
gateway to the skies. because-
the USA does pioneering work in space
research.
Q. Kalpana joined NASA
in-
1988
Jean pierrie Harrison
Q. The unfulfilled
dreams or Kalpana was that
landing on the mars
Q. Prime Minister
Mr.Vajapeyee spoke words of great optimism when he said that-
Our
hearts go out to the bright young men and women who were on that space craft.
Q. The first Indian to
fly in space was-
Rakesh
Sharma
Q. The tragedy will not
deter further exploration because-
Man is adventerous and not frightened of
death.
Q. "I can't
describe the overwhelming sense jubilation" Kalpana made this
statement______
on seeing the landscape of India from
spacecraft.
Q. On its downward
journey the temperature of underface of the satellite was_____
2800
F
Q. "Sister mind the
road," shouted Sanjay, when did Sanjay say these words? It was when
Kalpana was____
riding
a bicycle dreaming that she was flying a pushpak.
Q. Karnal is______ km
from Delhi.
150
Q. While she was
watching the sky, she desired for-
a
telescope to look at the stars clearly.
Q. How was she different
from others as a girl? She____
was a dreamer
Q. Why did her father
resisted when she chose aerospace engineering as her subject of study at BE? It
was because_____
It was not a subject normally girls chose.
Q. Kalpana had her first
flight into space on.
Nov.19, 1997
Q. Then came the sad
news and stunned silence. stunned means______
shocked
Q. All the people
working on ship or plain or space craft are called-
Crew
Q. Karnal had a
_____club.
Flying
Q. Colombia space
shuttle caught fire while-
When it was re entering the earth's
atmosphere.
Q. Kalpana was the first
Indian woman-
Astronaut
Q. The Government of
India honoured Kalapana Chawla by -
Renaming its first weather satellite
'Kalpana-1' in her honour.
Q. 'Kalpana-1' is the
name of a-
Weather
satellite.
Q. "I'm not just
another girl." To whom was it said by Kalpana Chawla?
To Brother
Q. Sanjay Chawla said,
"Isn't that what a star is?" - It means
Kalpana
never dies.
Q. Why did the students
of Karnal gathered at the school?
Premises firing of crackers in anticipation of
the safe landing of the space craft.
Q. People all over the
world particularly from India were waiting with bated brith for the landing fo
spacecraft Because-
One of the crew was Kalpana Chawla.
Q. Kalpana said,"I
can't describe the over learning sunset jubilation. Here jubilation means-
Great joy
Q. Kalpana was unique
many ways, here unique means-
Unusual
Q. She always held him
in high esteem. Here 'esteem' means-
Great respect
Q. Kalpana Chawla
married______ Jean Pierre Harrison
Q. After a technical
snag the shuttle caught fire and -
Broke
apart.
Q. An aeroplanes landing
is also called-
touch down.
Q. On the very first day
at the university of Texas, Kalpana met_____ a freelance flying instructor.
Jean
Pierre Harrison.
Q. Give the correct form
of the verb- Electronics was not the_______ subject of Kalpana.
preffered
Q. The opposite of the
initially is -
Finally
Q. People watched in
horror as the plane crashed to the ground. Here horror means-
A feeling of extreme fear.
Q. 'KALPANA-1' is the
name of -
First weather satellite.
Q. The space craft was
on its_____journey.
255th
Q. "We mourn with
you in this moment of grief who said this?
Atal
Bihari Vajapeyi.
Q. Kalpana Chawla hails
from this state-
Haryana
Q. Convert this sentence
into comparative degree- Karim is not as clever as Aziz.
Karim
is cleverer than Aziz.
Q. "I can't
describe the over whelming sense of jubilation, I feel up here. The sun rises,
the sun sets, the moon rises and the moon sets again and gain." Who said
this?
Willie
MCcool.
Q. Kalpana Chawla had an
opportunity of travelling in space the American space shuttle-
Colombia
Q. Kalpana Chawla was
the Indian born woman to go into the space.
first
Q. The touch down time
of 'Colombia' was______
9:16 a.m.
Q. The meaning of 'bated
breath' is________
anxiety
Q. The synonym of the
word 'snag' is_____
Technical
trouble
Q. The space shuttle
'Colombia' caught fire and broken apart in the sky over Florida on______
Feb.1, 2003
Q. 'Colombia' met with
an accident barely___minutes before the scheduled touchdown time.
11
Q. The expanded form of
"IST" is ______
Indian Standard Time
Q. Karnal is a small
town in ______
Haryana
Q. "Sister, mind
the road." Who said this?
Sanjay Chawla
Q. Whom did Kalpana
Chawla hold in 'high esteem?'
J.R.D.Tata
Q. Kalpana Chawla got
admission at the Punjab engineering college in______
Haryana
Q. Kalpana Chawla earned
her Master's degree in Aerospace engineering in ______
1984
Q. Kalpana Chawla earned
her Ph.D degree from _______university in 1988.
Colorado
* Fill in the blanks with suitable
prepostions
Q. A shocked nation paid
rich tribute____Kalpana Chawla.
to
Q. The nation was
prepared_____dedicate____memory_____Kalpana Chawla METSAT
to
in of
Q. She was
born____karnal____Haryana_____July 1, 1963
at
in in
Q. Kalpana was not
afraid_____living out her passions.
Of
Q. _______the country,
people_____various faiths drew
____beliefs____something_______death____explain____the disaster.
across, of, on, of, beyond, to, to
Q. Kalpana
wanted______reach out______for the stars
to, for
Q. She became the first
woman_____rocket_____space_____a NASA fact finding mission______microgravity.
to,
into, on, on
Q. After doing aeronautical
engineering_____Punjab. She moved_____the U.S. a typical gateway____the skies
and completed Ph.D_____colorado______being picked_____ NASA_____ 1994.
in,
to, to, from,
beyond, by, in
* Fill the appropriate articles in the gap in the
extracts
Q. Majappa
is______empty. He is living in_______small house.
Manjappa
is an empty. He is living a small house.
Q. In____flash space
story turned into matter of heaven.
a
Q. Kalpana did nearly
____billion Indians proud.
a
Q. She had____passion
for flying.
a
Q. ____so called space
lab was equipped for experiments.
The
Q. One
of______experiments completed_____day before her death involoved____Bio reacter
demonstration system.
the, the,
a
Q. _____crew also
studied_____behaviour of bees, ants and spiders in micro gravity.
the,
the
* Change into Indirect speech.
Q. "We miss people
today." he told is son.
He told his son that they missed people
that day.
Q. PM Vajapayee said, “I
am pleased to dedicate in Kalpana’s memeory METSAT lauched by the ISRO”
PM Vajapayee happily announced that he was
pleased to dedicate in Kalpana memory METSAT that had been lauched by the ISRO
Q. Kalpana said, “After
partition my family was left without possessions but we learnt you couldn’t
loose by working hard.”
Kalpana said that after partition her
family had been left without possessions but they had learnt that we couldn’t
lose by working hard.
Q. After her school
education, Kalpana_______(choose) science for her graduation.
The appropriate tense form of the verb
which should be used in the blank.
Chose
Q. “And it is no wonder
that the 41 years old Chawla flew throughout her life in flying colours”
The Phrase underlined means_________
With great distinction.
Q. Instead of
celebration a pal of gloom decended on India. The phrase underlined
means
A
sense of sorrow.
Q. A good paragraph must
have the following features:
Unity,
clarity coherence variety
Q. “Flying space craft
became her passion.” The word ‘flying’ is a _________
Gerund
Q. Substitute the
following phrase- “A feeling of sorrow” –Give one word.
Grief
* Answer the
following questions in 2-3 sentences
Q. What makes you think
that Kalpana as a girl was a unique?
Kalpana's
left in country yard of her house in summers she use to look at the sky. The
stars imagining that she had a telescope.
Q. Why did Kalpana had
great regard for J.R.D.Tata?
Kalpana know that J.R.D.Tata had done some of
the first mail flights in India. She also saw the aeroplanes that he flew
hanging in one of the aerodromes.
Q. What was Kalpana's
ambition in life?
Kalpana was a unique as a girl she was a
dreamer. She wanted to become a pilot or astronaut.
Q. How can you say, A
Kalpana Chawla was different from other girls of her age?
Kalpana Chawla was different from other
children of her age. She would be drawing the designed of aeroplanes and space
ships. She would not spend time chit-chatting. She could read books science and
great scientist.
Q. What subject did
Kalpana want to choose for higher studies? Why did her father resist?
Kalpana wanted to choose aerospace engineering
for her higher studies. Her father wanted to choose her electronics or
electricals or architecture. They were the preffered the subjects of most of
the students especially girls in those days.
Q. Why did the students
gathering at the school on saturday twice?
Students gathered at the school on saturday
twice they were singing, dancing and setting of crackers in anticipation of the
safe landing of the space craft. On the came to know that space craft caught
fire and Kalpana perished. The students gathered again to mourn for Kalpana's
death.
Q. What did the prime
minister said about Kalpana in his condolens message?
The
prime minister said, "We mourn with you in this moment of grief. Our
hearts go out to the bright young men and women who were on that space craft.
For us in India we feel that since one of them is an Indian born woman."
Q. What did her brother
Sanjay Chawla said about Kalpana Chawla?
Sanjay Chawla said,"To me, my sister is
not dead. She is immortal. Isn't that what a star is? She is a permanent star
in the sky. She will always be there where she belongs."
Q. What were the
achievements of Kalpana as an astronaut?
Kalpana took part in two space Mission. In her
second and the last mission she went round the earth 252 times covering
millions of Kilometers. It was a record.
Q. How did Kalpana's
father encourage her?
Klapana's father played a crucial role in her
career. There was a lot of opposition to her taking up aerospace engineering.
Finally he consented and encouraged her.
Q. How did the
Government of India honour Kalpana?
As
soon as the news of the tragedy came the Prime Minister announced in the
Parliament renaming METSAT launched by ISRO on Sept 2, 2002 as Kalpana and
dedicated it to her.
Q. How did Kalpana meet
the opposition to her talking up aerospace engineering?
Kalpana was a
dreamer. Most people in her family were against her taking up aerospace
engineering as her subject in the engineering college. She persisted and
finally her father relented.
*Answer the following
questions in a paragraph.
Q. What do you learn the
life of Kalpana Chawla?
We learn a great dream of Kalpana's life.
She had set off goal for herself. Kalpana dreamed up becoming an astronaut. She
worked with devotion to realize her dream. She had to face many herls. She had
a strong will and face them successfully and realize the goal like Kalpana we
should have a goal in our life and try to best achieve it. When her dreams come
in oury way. We should face them boldly. We should learnt be brave and
advantures.
Q. Discuss briefly on
Kalpana's Education of India and aboard?
Kalpana Chawla complete her schooling from
Tagore's school in 1976. Later, She joined the Punjap engineering college
Chandigarh and earned her bachelor degree. Kalpana went to united states and
joined the university of texas. She earned her master degree in aerospace
engineering. She then acquired Ph.D from colorado university in 1988.
Q. Give a brief account
of the last flight of Kalpana Chawla?
Kalpana Chawla and six other members of crew
of the space shuttle of colombia took sits. The space shuttle started be moving
very fast. The touch down time was 9:16a.m. in the morning. Just when every
thing looked all right the instruments reported snag of some shorts. Some thing
to do with tempareture on the tyre pressure. Before any one could think of what
had happened the space shuttle caught fire and broke apart. All the members in
space shuttle were burnt to death. All this happen on February 1, 2003.
Additional
information belongs to the lesson of 'KALPANA
THE STAR'
It was starting to get dim outside, so you
got to see your own reflection. And there is the Earth, and you can still see
the Earth's surface and the dark sky overhead. And I could then see my
reflection in the window and in the retina of my eye the whole earth and the
sky could be seen reflected. So I called all the crew members one by one and
they saw it, and they said, 'oh wow'.
Kalpana Chawla-Speaking from spaceship, Columbia.
LEFT WING
PUNCTURE CAUSED COLUMBIA CRASH: NASA
A devastating puncture that allowed hot air
inside the left wing may be the reason behind the disintegration of space
shuttle Columbia on February. I that killed Kalpana Chawla and six other
astronauts.
Investigators, in a first significant determination on the cause of the
crash, said Columbia broke up during re-entry possibly because of the presence
of super-heated air or plasma inside the left wing.
The new
theory for the crash of the space shuttle effectively rules out the loss of
heat resistant tiles as was intially put forth as a possible cause for the
disaster.
The columbia
accident investigation board was now studying various scenarios that could
cause a breach allowing plasma, that surrounds a spacecraft during re-entry, into
the wheel compartment or elsewhere in the wing.
Moments
before Columbia disintegrated, mission control in Houston detected an unusually
high geat build-up in the shuttle's left wing, which could have indicated
missing or damaged tiles.
A description of what went
wrong to Columbia space shuttle
On 16
January 2003 the space shuttle Columbia lifted off from Kennedy Space center in
Florida for its 28th flight into space. 82 seconds into the launch,
as the shuttle prepared to increase power to its engines, a 50 cm, 1.13 kg
piedce of insulating foam was seen to break off from the external fuel tank and
strike Columbia’s wing. At the time engineers the incident was unlikely to have
caused any serious damage.
Colombia’s crew more than two weeks in space, orbiting the
Earth at 28, 163 km/h. In this time the astronauts carried out more than 80
experiments, including investigation into tumor growth, cleaner methods of
combustion and climate change, in the shuttle’s onboard laboratory, spacehab.
Investigatiors later disclosed that on day two, military radar images unseen by
Nasa technicians at the time-showed what could have been a small section of the
leading edge of the left wing floating away into space.
At0815 (1315GMT)
on 1 February the astronaut used Columbia’s maneuvering rockets to position the
shuttle into the correct angle to re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere. During is
descent, the shuttle would have reached speeds in excess of Mach 20. As the
plunged downwards, atmospheric gases pushed out of the way by the vehicle’s
airframe would have generate temperatures of about 1,600 degrees Celsius. About
20,000 ceramic tiles covering the shuttle’s surfaces were supposed to protect
it and the crew from the intense heat.
First sing of trouble
As Columbia descended, the autopilot made a series of
sharp 58-degree turns to slow the vehicle. At 0851 the first sign emerged that
the shuttle’s aerodynamics were not behaving as on previous flights. Columbia
started to experience increased drag on its left-hand side. As the right fired
in an attempt to compensate. At 0852 a series of sensors began to show unusual
temperature rises in and around the left wing.
Investigators believes that the leading edge of the wing,
damaged by the insulating foam during lauch, allowed superheated gas at
temperatures of about 1,600 degrees Celsius to penetrate and melt the interior.
At 0853 an amateur photographer captured footage of debris leaving the shuttle
at 231,000 feet as it crossed the California coastline. Another image appeared
to show the left wing of the shuttle with a jagged edge, with a trail of debris
showering behind.
Columbia breaks up
For the
next six minutes, recovered flight data shows that the shuttle was finding it
increasingly difficult to maintain stability. A number of temperature sensors
in the left side of the shuttle had stopped working. At 0859 flight controllers
contacted shuttle commander Rick Husband about abnormal tyre temperature readings. Husband responded: “Roger….erm..” Contact
with the shuttle was lost. Columbia was close to Dallas, Texas, and traveling
at Mach 18. Analysis of video footage indicates the main body of the shuttle
broke apart about 20 seconds after 0900.
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