Opposition to British Rule in Karnataka

                          KARNATAKA STATE SYLLABUS (DSERT)

10th standard Social science (S.St) English medium notes

History

Chapter 4

Opposition to British Rule in Karnataka

The present Karnataka was scattered into many provinces like Mumbai, Hyderabad etc.

            The British exploited the people in agriculture & trade in order to protect their own interests. The local kings suffered insecurities.

            1761-1799 (Hyder Ali & Tippu period) political developments that emerged are very important.

            In the 18^th Century in Indian History is considered as “The century of political problems’’ because –

1)      The death of Aurangzeb in 1707 (main reason)

2)      The death of Chikka devaraj wodeyar in 1704.

            Hyderl Ali gained prominence over Mysuru & Carnatic region after death of Chikkadevaraja wodeyar. He came to prominence during the siege of Devanahalli & military action against Nizam of Arcot.

            Hyder Ali suppressed Dalawai & Sidelined Krishnaraja wodeyar IV & took control over the administration of Mysuru.

            The Nawab of Arcot, Marathas & Nizam of Hyderabad were fighting to establish their supremacy. But British used this situation for their benefit. Thus Anglo-Mysuru wars started.

 

First Anglo-Mysuru War (1767-69) :

            Marathas Nizam of Hyderabad & British didn’t tolerate the prominence of Hyder Ali.

            British made an agreement & created triple alliance against Hyder Ali. But Hyder Ali broken this alliance.

            Hyder Ali attacked on Arcot which was subsidiary alliance state of British. Thus British helped Nawab of Arcot. So First Anglo-Mysuru war was started.

            The battles took place in Tiruchanapalli, Tiruvannamalai & Amburu. Beginning Hyder Ali suffered few setbacks. Later reached Madras province &  created panic in British. So British made an agreement with Hyder Ali through ‘Madras treaty’.

 

Second Anglo-Mysuru War (1780-84) :

            Reasons – Political unstable situations in Tanjavoor & Tiruvankoor (1)

·         Madhavrao (Peshwa) attacked on Srirangapattana. Hyder Ali expected help from British as per Madras treaty. But British rejected it. (2)

·         Frenches had givne Mahe to Hyder Ali for administration. That ‘Mahe’ was occupied by British (3). Thus Hyder Ali attacked on British. So, Second Anglo Mysuru war started.

·         Hyder occupied Arcot. He tried to occupy Velluru & Wandiwash. British army led by Sir Aircoot.

·         Sir Aircoot followed Hyder Ali upto Pondicherry. Pondicherry was under by French. But French did not support or help to Hyder Ali.

·         Hyder Ali was defeated in a battle held in Porto Nova by the British.

 

            The British attracted Nizam of Hyderabad & Marathas by entering  ‘Salbai agreement’ & made alone of Hyder Ali.  But Hyder Ali died in 1782 (7^th Dec) at Chittor, Andhra Pradesh (Cancer)

            Tippu Sultan was waging war in Malbar region when Hyder Ali died. Tippu Sultan protected Mangaluru & Coastal region. Finally he defeated British. This war ended by Treaty of Mangalore in 1784.

 

Tippu Sultan : (01-12-1751 to 4-5-1799) :

            Tippu spent his whole life in fighting with Britishes. (17 years)

            He understood the cunningness, strategies, clever manipulations of the British. He tried to break the monopoly of the British over trade with India. Mother Fakrunnisa. Full Name – Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu, Pioneer of rocket artillery.

 

Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-92) :

            The politics of Travancore was the main reason for this war.

            Travancore king, built fort in cochin with the help of British. This was prohibition of Mangalore treaty  British general Meadows captured Karwar Coimbatore, Dindigul Tippu captured Baramahal & Satyamangala.

            Cornwallis army captured Bengaluru & destroyed fort. Maratha & Hyderabad Nizam supported to British.

            The combined army marched towards Sriranga Patnam by capturing fort in 1792. So Tippu made an agreement with British. It had unfavourable conditions.

Conditions :

1)      Give up halt state

2)      Pay 3 crore rupees

3)      Pledge two of his children as a guarantee against the payment.

4)      He was also forced to release the prisoners of war.

 

Fourth Anglo-Mysore War :

Tippu died in fourth Anglo mysore war in 1799.