Extension of British Rule in India

                  KARNATAKA STATE SYLLABUS (DSERT)

10th standard Social science (S.St) subject English medium notes

History

Chapter 2

Extension of British Rule in India

The British gained complete political power over Bengal through plassey & Buxar wars. No one Europeans dare to oppose them after Carnatic wars.

    But Marathas (Western part) & Mysore states (South) of Tippu were dominant. In north west Punjab was opponent to British Ranjith Singh organized Sikhs successfully.

 

Anglo-Maratha Wars :

I) First Anglo-Maratha War : (1775-1782)

·         Marathas installed Shah Alam II in the throne of Mughal.

·         Shah Alam II gave Kora & Allahabad to Marathas. These were under British rule

·         Enmity started between British & Marathas.

·         Peshwa Madhavrao died by disease (Son of Balaji Baji rao). Narayana Rao came to post of Peshwa. (Younger brother of Madhava Rao) but his uncle Raghoba killed him for post of Peshwa. The Maratha federation brought Madhavarao II to Peshwa post, then Raghoba asked help from British. The British used this situation in their favour. Maratha lost Ahmedabad in War & finally war ended with Salabai Agreement.

Second Anglo-Maratha War : (1803-1805)

Reasons :

The difference among the Maratha chieftains was the reason for this war.

·         Holkar family – Yashawant Rao

·         Sindhiya family – Daulat Rao

·         Peshwe – Rao II (Balaji Rao II)

·         Yashwant Rao  Daulat Rao + Baji Rao II

·         Holkar family defeated sindhiya & Balaji Rao II

·         Peshwa asked help from British & he signed the Bassin treaty of subsidiary alliance.

·         This treaty was opposed by Holkar. Sindhiya families & Maratha federation.

·         Lord wellesly defeated the Marathas but it was increased the financial expenditure of military on company. He resigned his post for criticize & went back to England. Thus war was ended

Third Anglo-Maratha War :

·         Peshwa already signed the policy of subsidiary alliance, Now he wished to free from clutches of British. Because subsidiary alliance made him irrespect.

·         Peshwe attacked on Poona residency in 1817. British defeated him in Koregaro & Ashti wars.

·         British cancelled the post of Peshwa & gave pension to Bajirao (Pension – 8,00,000/-)

The Consolidation of the British Power (1818-1857) :

            The British occupied entire India from 1818-1857.

Anglo-Sikh wars : (December – 1845)

            The British violated continuous friendship pact & invaded on Punjab after the death (1839) of Raja Ranajith Singh.

            Hindu, Muslim & Sikh union fought against British but defeated by cheating of own native leaders.

            This war ended with Lahore treaty.

            The leaders of Chattar Singh Attariwala & Moolraj opposed the merge of Punjab State into British empire, finally defeated by British.

Most likely Questions :

1)      What are the reasons for First Anglo-Maratha War ?

Subsidiary Alliance (1798) :

Wellesly brought for control on local kings.