KARNATAKA STATE SYLLABUS (DSERT)
10th standard Social science (S.St) subject English medium notes
History
Chapter 1
Advent of Europeans to India
There
was great demand for Indian spices like pepper, cardmom, ginger and many other
spices in Europe.
Constantinople was the center of
international business & considered as the ‘Gate of European Trade’. All
goods were import and exporting through this gate.
·
In
1453 the Ottoman Turks captured the city of Constantinople.
·
Spain
& Portugal were attempting to break the monopoly of Italian traders. They
encouraged sailors to find sea route to india.
A new sea route to India
:
Vasco da Gama left Lisbon &
reached Kappadu village of Calicut in 1498. (Calicut today Kozhikode (Kerala).
·
The
portugese were the first to re-establishe trade between India & Europe.
European Trade Companies
:
·
Portugese
–Dutch-English-French entered. This development changed the history of India.
Portuguese :
·
Portuguese were the first
to arrive at India. Last leave India on sea route.
·
The first viceroy of
Portuguese – Franscisco
de-Almeida
·
He implemented ‘Blue
Water Policy’ It means establish the supremacy over the sea.
·
Alfanso de Albuquerque
considered as the real founder of Portuguese empire.
·
He won Goa in 1510 with
help of Krishnadevaraya.
Goa a became administrative center of Portuguese
Dutch :
(from
Holland/Neitherland)
-
Capital city – Amsterdam
·
They established Dutch
East India company in 1602 (India, Java, Sumatra, Indonesia)
·
Warehouses – Surat,
Broach, Kambe, Kochin, Nagapatnam, Masulipatnam Chinsor
Warehouse – The warehouses were the places of storing merchandise. Huge walls were built around these warehouses to provide protection
The rise & decline of
the Dutch in India :
·
The Dutches – 1602
Dutch trade centres – Surat, Broach, Kambe, Cochin, Nagapatnam, Masulipatnam & Chinsore
Raja Marthanda Varma :
·
He played an important
rule to rescue of Waynad & other places from Dutches.
·
He ruled from 1729 to
1758.
·
He shifted capital from
Padmanabhapura to Thiruvananthapura.
·
He made his kingdom as
World Travancore to Thiruvananthapura.
·
Ealier rules Rama Varma
was very weak.
·
Marthanda Varma suggested
to Rama varma to contact Pandyas of Madhurai for suppressing to Dutch East
India company and surrounding palegaras in his 10 years tender age.
·
He came to the throne at
24 years old & organized 50,000 soldiers for extending his kingdom.
·
He occupied pepper
growing areas.
·
The Dutches were trying
to get monopoly, on pepper trade.
·
Marthanda Varma
controlled the surrounding areas & made them to oppose the Dutch.
·
Dutches attacked on
Travancore with the help of native kingdoms like Kayamkulam, Kochi, Purukkad
& Vadakunkur.
·
Raja Marthanda defeated
them & captured Nedumangala & Kottarakara trading centres.
·
He wrote strong letter to Dutches that he would never give up
the trade rights of pepper.
·
Kottarakar, Dutches &
Simhalese (Srilanka) alliance attacked on Travancore on 10th August
in 1741. Marthanda Varma defeated them at Kolachchal.
·
He decided to root out
the Dutches & achieved it.
He got back pepper growing areas & parts which were in the control of Dutches
English :
Queen Elizabeth of England issued charter to East India
company to start trade.
The company started
business formally in 1613.
·
Mughal emperor Jahangir
issued royal permission to English to start factory at surat.
·
Sir Thomas roe sought permission
from Jahangir.
·
St.George Fort built in
Madras.
·
Charles II, gave Bombay
as an annual rent of ten pounds a year in 1668.
·
St.William fort built in
Calcutta (book of Hoogli)
·
Presidencies of British –
Bombay, Madras, Calcutta (in 17th Century)
·
Capital City – Calcutta
(18th Century)
French : 1664
·
Started first factory in
Surat.
·
Trade factories –
Machalipatnam, Mahe, Chandra nagur, Karaikallu, Cossimbazar, Balasur.
·
Capital – Puducheri
(Pondichery)
High ambitious governor general – Duplex (1742)
The British Rule in India
The Bengal Province
riched in agriculture, commerce and industry. The British wished to gain
control on it in 18th Century.
·
Mughal King Faruk Shiara
issued Dasthak to British but some british officers misued it for personal
purpose. Due to this the Bengal province experienced loss, so Navabs opposed
it.
·
Dastakths :
Trade license. It ensure any one import and export without pay tax.
Plassey War (1757) :
Siraj-ud-Daul
& British
Reasons :
1.
Misuse of Dastakh :
2.
Mending the fort without
permission : British rebuilt Calcutta fort due to fear of French & Placed
canons.
3.
Black Room Tragedy :
Siraj-ud-Daula imprisoned 146 Englishmen in a small room in the fort of
William. 123 died.
Robert Clive convinced Mir Jafar the military head of
Siraj-ud-Daula to stay neutral in the battle of offering Nawab post of Bengal.
Outcome/Results of
Plassey :
1)
Immorality, lack of unity
among the Indians.
2)
Mir Jafar became the
Nawab of Bengal.
3)
The company gained rights
to do business in Bengal.
4)
Mir Jafar paid seventeen
crore seventy lakh to company as a relief of attack on fort William.
Battle of Buxar : 1764
British placed Mir Qasim
in Nawab post.
·
Mir Qasim paid two lakh
pounds.
·
He declared himself as an
independent king.
·
He declared that the
business is duty free in Bengal.
The British brought in Mir Jafar again & dethroned Mir Qasim.
·
Mir Qasim organized war
against of British Indian merchants supported him.
·
He made an agreement with
Mughal ruler Shah Alam – II, Nawab of Audh Shuj-ud-daul.
·
Hector Munro faced his
combined forces 1764 at Buxar & defeated them. Mir Qasim ran away, Shah
Alam II surrendered.
Outcomes :
1)
Shah Alam II accorded the
Diwani rights over Bengal to the British.
2)
Shah Alam II gave away
all the rights over Bengal to the British for an annual fee of rupees 26 lakhs.
3)
The Nawab of Awadh had to
give away a fine of rupees 50 lakh for waging a war against british.
4)
With death of Mir Jafar
the company paid pension to his son & took over the entire administration
of Bengal.
5)
British became real
holders of power over Bihar, Bengal & Odisha provinces.
6)
Robert clive brought Dual
government concept in 1765.
Dual Government :
The British had the right to collect land taxes, whereas the
Nawab had power over administrative issues like justice & others.
(chronology)
Important Questions from
Model Q.P & Previous Years Q.P
1.
How did trade take place
between India & Europe during middle ages ?
2.
What are the effects of
battle of Buxar ?
3.
Discuss the reasons that
resulted in the discovery of new sea route to India.
The rise & decline of
the Dutch in India :
·
The Dutches – 1602
Dutch trade centres – Surat, Broach, Kambe, Cochin, Nagapatnam, Masulipatnam & Chinsore
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