CHAPTER 4
VIJAYANAGARA
AND BAHAMANI KINGDOMS
Key points
● The Establishment of het vijayanagar Empire is a landmark in Indian history.
● Hakka and Bukka establishment vijayanagar Empire on the banks of the
Tungabadra river in the year 1336 CE.
● Hampi was capital of Vijayanagar
Empire.
● The 4 Dyanasties that ruled vijayanagara.
1. Sangama 2. Saluva 3. Tuluva 4. Araveedu.
● Nicole Conti and Persian Ambassador Abdul Razzak visited vijayanagar Empire.
● Krishnadevaraya was the famous king of Tuluva Dyanasty and wrote
famous Telagu work Amukta Malayada.
● Bahamani administration based on Islamic religious principles.
● The Founder of Bahamani Dyanasty was Allauddin Hasan –Gangu –Baham- shah.
ONE MARK
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS.
1. When did vijayanagar Empire Established?
Ans. 1336CE.
2.Name the important kings of vijayanagara Empire?
Ans. Harihara – I, Bukkaraya, Harihara-II and Proudadevaraya are the
important kings of vijayanagara Empire
etc.
3. Who earned the title Dakshinapatada Chakravarthi?
Ans. Praudadevaraya (Devaraya –II) earned the title
Dakshinapatada Chakravarthi.
4. Name the work written by krishnadevaraya?
Ans. krishnadevaraya wrote Amukta malyad – (Telagu work) Jambavathi
kalyana (Sanskrit)
5. When did first Talikoti war took place?
Ans. First Talikoti war
took place on 23rd January 1565 CE.
6. When did Bahamani kingdom Established?
Ans. On 1347 CE
7.
Which monument is known as south of Taj-Mahal?
Ans. Ibrahim Roza (Constructed by Ibrahim – II) is
known as south of Taj-Mahal.
8.
Who wrote the work kitab – E- Navaras?
Ans. Ibrahim Adil Shah-II wrote the work kitab – E- Navaras.
Match the following.
A B
1. Ahmad Nagar -
Nijam Shahi
2. Adil Shahi - Bijapur
3. Emad shahi - Bidar
4. Barid shahi - Bidar
5. Kuthub Shahi - Golkonda
1. Name the four dynasties who ruled
Vijaynanagar Empire. 2M
Ans. Four
dynasties who ruled Vijayanagar Empire are:
(1) Sangama, (2) Saluva,
(3) Tuluva, and (4) Araveedu.
2. What were the achievements of Devaraya II? 2M
Ans.
·
He defeated the king Gajapati
Kapilendra of Orissa and seized Kondaveedu.
·
He expanded his kingdom upto
Krishna river in the north east by suppressing the regional leader of the border.
·
He defeated the Kerala state
and received royalties from Kerala and Srilanka. Hence he came to be known as
Dakshinapathada Chakravarthi (the Emperor of the South).
·
He chased the traditional foe
Ahmed Shah of Bahamani till Bijapur and occupied Mudgal and Bankapura.
·
His commander, Lakkanna
Dandesha, took up a successful naval victory.
3. What
were the problems Krishnadevaraya had to face when he ascended the throne? 3M
·
Ans. When Krishnadevaraya came
to power, the kingdom was besieged by various complex internal and external
problems.
·
The Europeans, who had arrived
through new sea routes were establishing colonies.
·
The Moghuls of the north were
trying to expand their kingdom in the south.
·
The five shahi kingdoms of the
Bahamani dynasty became powerful Sultanates.
·
The kings of Ummatthur and
Orissa were a constant source of threat.
4. What are the contributions of Vijayanagar
empire to the economic system and society? 4M
Ans. Economic system:
·
Land tax was the main source of
revenue for the kingdom.
·
Farmers gave ¼ of their income
to the government as tax.
·
Professional tax, revenue tax,
road tax, market tax, commercial tax, import and export taxes and tributes from
the vassals were other forms of revenue to the
kingdom.
·
Agriculture was the backbone of
the economy. Many important food and cash crops were grown.
·
Many wells, tanks and canals
were constructed for irrigation and agriculture.
·
There was great progress in the
field of industries and commerce.
·
Spices like pepper, cloves and
cardamom, salt petre, iron ore, diamonds, granulated sugar, must, sandal
perfume etc. were exported.
·
Countries like Arab, China and
Portugal had trade relations with the Vijayanagar Empire.
Society:
·
The society was based on the
4-tiered caste system. However, there was also occupation- based caste system.
·
There were many skilled
artisans, blacksmiths, bell-metal smiths, carpenters, weavers
and cobblers in
the society.
·
The practice of child marriage,
sati and Devadasi were prevalent.
·
Though monogamy was the common
practice, kings and rich people had many wives.
5. Explain the art and
architecture of Vijayanagar period 3M Ans. The
unique feature of Vijayanagar art and architecture are:
o
Construction of huge auditorium and marriage halls.
o
Temples had huge towers
(Rayagopura), leaf- shaped arches and platforms.
o
In this art, more than
ornamentation, the qualities of grandeur, awe and elegance were given
importance.
o
Rough granite stone (kanashile)
was used for construction of these structures.
o
The temples were built in
Hampi, Shringeri, Tirupati, Lepakshi, Karkala, Bhatkal, kanchi, Srishaila,
Kolar etc.
o
The most important temple was
Vidyashankara temple at Shringeri which has unique structure.
o
The Vijaya Vitthala temple of
Hampi is known for its magnificent architectural beauty.
o
The Saptaswara musical pillars,
huge marriage halls and the stone chariot have enhanced the beauty of this temple.
o
The most ancient temple at
Hampi, the Virupaksha temple has a vast courtyard/ hall.
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